QS 2020美國大學排名出爐!

Also in: 简中 (简中)

今天 QS 第一次公佈 2020 美國大學排名，哈佛大學(Harvard University) 持續是美國大學的龍頭，史丹佛大學(Stanford)，麻省理工(MIT)，UC柏克萊大學(UC Berkeley)，及哥倫比亞大學(Columbia University)分別為今年全美的前二到五名。QS 稍早也做了世界大學排名，及不同科系的大學排名，這裡我們做個整理！

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排名評分標準

我們都會跟學生強調，一定要了解每個不同的排名的標準。不同的排名機構對大學的條件有主觀的認知，也都有不同的算法，學生跟家長應該要先理解排名評分的算法，如果您認同這個算法，這個排行表對您才有意義。

QS 依照以下 4 大類（就業能力，多元化，學習經歷，及研究）共 17 項目為大學做評分：

1. 就業能力 (Employability) (27%)

• 公司對學校的評價 (Employer reputation) (10%)
• 畢業生給學生的人脈 (Alumni outcomes) (10%)
• 10年後的薪水 (Salary after 10 years) (7%)

2. 學生多元化及國際性 (Diversity & Internationalisation) (25%)

• 男女薪資平等 (Gender pay gap) (2.5%)
• 職員性別平等 (Faculty gender diversity) (2.5%)
• 大學生獲得助學金比例 (Ratio of undergraduate students receiving Pell grants) (5%)
• 學生種族多元化 (Students’ ethnicity mix) (5%)
• Fulbright獎學金數量 (Number of Fulbright recipients per institution) (5%)
• 國際生比例 (Proportion of international students) (5%)

3. 學習經歷(Learning experience) (22%)

• 提供給每位學生的教育支出 (Average instructional expenditure per FTE student)(10%)
• 學生留校意願 (Retention rate) (5%)
• 助學金學生畢業率 (Pell grant student graduation rates compared with other students) (3.5%)
• 師生比例 (Student-faculty ratio) (3.5%)

4. 研究 (Research) (26%)

• 學術名聲 (Academic reputation) (12.5%)
• 論文引述數量 (Citation per paper) (7%)
• 國際研究合作性 (International Research Network) (3.5%)
• 企業合作率 (Partnerships with Employers per Faculty) (3%)

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2020 美國大學排行表

常春藤大學包辦了前10名中的6個名額（哈佛大學、哥倫比亞大學、耶魯大學、賓州大學、普林斯頓大學、及康乃爾大學），波士頓大學 (Boston University) 今年也有 #21 的佳績！

快來看看前 100 名有哪些學校吧！

排名	學校	總分	就業能力	多元化	學習經歷	研究
1	Harvard University	93.3	100	76	96.8	100
2	Stanford University	89.7	85.4	84	96.8	93.8
3	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	87.1	78.7	84	96.8	90.5
4	University of California, Berkeley (UCB)	79.2	61	82	81.4	93.5
5	Columbia University	79	64.7	84	96.8	74.1
6	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	78.3	60.4	86	90.5	79
6	Yale University	78.3	69.6	74	100	73
8	University of Pennsylvania	76.1	66.6	78	96.8	66.7
9	Princeton University	75.7	61.9	76	96.8	72
10	Cornell University	73.5	58.8	80	90.9	67.8
11	New York University (NYU)	72.9	56.8	86	89.1	63.3
12	University of Chicago	71.8	51.1	72	96.8	71.8
13	Duke University	70.5	54.8	72	100	60.6
14	Johns Hopkins University	70.2	48.5	78	100	60
15	University of Southern California	68.5	53.2	76	96.8	53.3
16	Northwestern University	67.2	48.8		100	61.8
17	Carnegie Mellon University	66.5	49.2	72	93.6	56.3
18	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	66.3	53.5		81.4	67.3
19	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	66.1	45.5		96.8	63.7
20	Brown University	65.8	45.7		100	53.7
21	Boston University	64.3	42.2	76	89.1	55.1
21	Rice University	64.3	34.9	76	96.8	56
23	Georgetown University	64.1	48.2		96.8
24	University of Washington	62.5	38.5	80		58.5
25	University of Texas at Austin	62.4	39.8	80		64.5
26	University of California, San Diego (UCSD)	62.3		84		62.4
27	Emory University	61.1		74	92.3	52.5
28	University of California, Davis	60.9		86	83.2	50.9
28	Washington University in St. Louis	60.9	41.1		96.8	53.7
30	University of Rochester	60.8		72	96.8
30	Vanderbilt University	60.8	35		96.8	52
32	Georgia Institute of Technology	60.4	49.2			57.4
33	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	59.9	42.5	74		57.6
34	George Washington University	59.1	37.6		86.4
35	Tufts University	58.6	39.8		90.9
35	University of Florida	58.6	35.2			55
37	Dartmouth College	58.4	44.6		87.7
38	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	58.3	36.6		84.5	57.2
39	University of Miami	57.9	34.9		89.1
40	University of Notre Dame	57.8	45.7		84.5
41	Rutgers University–New Brunswick	57.6		82		54.1
41	University of California, Irvine	57.6		82		51.7
43	Case Western Reserve University	57.5	38.1		80	52.4
43	University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC)	57.5		82
45	Stony Brook University, State University of New York	56.8		80	80
46	University at Buffalo SUNY	56.6		76	80
47	Pennsylvania State University	56.4	37.3			55.5
48	Boston College	56.3	40.9		87.7
48	University of Maryland, College Park	56.3	38.6			55.5
50	University of Virginia	55.8	42		81.4	52.4
51	Syracuse University	55.5	35.5	74
52	University of Wisconsin-Madison	55.4	37.5			59.2
53	Purdue University	55.1	37.2			53.7
54	Northeastern University	54.9
55	University of Minnesota Twin Cities	54.6				57
56	Michigan State University	54.3	36			53.5
57	Brandeis University	54.2		78	83.2
58	The Ohio State University	54				55.3
59	Drexel University	53.9
60	University of Massachusetts Amherst	53.6				52.4
61	Temple University	53.2
62	North Carolina State University	52.6
62	University of Colorado Boulder	52.6				54
64	Lehigh University	52.5	37.2		87.7
64	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	52.5	36.8		83.2
66	University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa	51.9		72
67	Tulane University	51.7			83.2
68	Howard University	51.3		74	83.2
68	The University of Arizona	51.3				51.1
68	University of Maryland, Baltimore County	51.3		74
71	Binghamton University SUNY	51.1
71	Illinois Institute of Technology	51.1
73	University of Pittsburgh	51				53.8
74	New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT)	50.8
75	University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)	50.7				56.7
76	University of the Pacific	50.6			83.2
77	Texas A&M University	50.5				54.3
78	University of Denver	50.3			89.1
79	University of Massachusetts Boston	50.1		82
80	William & Mary	49.8
80	Florida State University	49.8
82	San Diego State University	49.7		80
82	University of Connecticut	49.7
82	Virginia Commonwealth University	49.7
85	Indiana University Bloomington	49.4
85	Worcester Polytechnic Institute	49.4	34.3
87	University of Houston	49.3
88	University of San Francisco	49.2		74
89	The University of Georgia	49.1
89	University of Oklahoma	49.1
91	Arizona State University	49		80
92	Wake Forest University	48.9			80
93	Southern Methodist University	48.8
94	Andrews University	48.6		78
94	University of California, Santa Cruz	48.6		72
94	University of Oregon	48.6
97	University of Texas Dallas	48.5
98	Santa Clara University	48.4	34.9
98	University of Louisville – School of Public Health & Information Sciences	48.4
100	George Mason University	48.3

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世界大學排行表

因為評分項目不同，MIT 跟史丹佛在世界大學排行表中佔一二名，哈佛大學則是掉到第三名。世界前十名的大學中，有九所來自美國或英國：

排名	學校	總分	論文引述比例	國際學生	國際教職員	師生比例	企業印象	學術聲望
1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	100	99.8	94.1	100	100	100	100
2	Stanford University	98.4	98.6	67.7	99.8	100	100	100
3	Harvard University	97.4	99.6	62.2	86.3	98.7	100	100
4	University of Oxford	97.2	84.7	98.5	99.7	100	100	100
5	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	96.9	100	87.3	99.4	100	81.2	97.8
6	ETH Zurich – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology	95.9	98.4	98	100	85	96.7	98.4
7	University of Cambridge	95	74.2	97.6	100	100	100	100
8	UCL	94.8	76.7	100	99.1	98.1	98.7	99.3
9	Imperial College London	94.1	72.1	100	100	99.8	99.9	98.6
10	University of Chicago	92	78.5	81	70.2	96.5	93.7	99.5
11	Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU)	91.8	88.8	74.2	100	93.9	93.8	92.1
11	National University of Singapore (NUS)	91.8	75.7	76.4	100	88.3	99.2	99.8
13	Princeton University	90.9	100	67.6	64.9	70.7	98.6	99.9
14	Cornell University	89.3	95.1	72.3	93.8	65.7	90.4	98.7
15	University of Pennsylvania	88.9	67.6	63.6	84	100	93.7	95.8
16	Tsinghua University	88.6	80.4	30.1	68	92.4	99.1	97.4
17	Yale University	87.7	53.5	57.4	78.1	100	99.9	99.9
18	Columbia University	87.4	53	96.9	40.1	100	97.6	99.7
18	EPFL	87.4	98.9	100	100	96.6	77.6	75.6
20	The University of Edinburgh	86.2	53	98.6	98	85.6	93.7	97.5
21	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	86	61.6	44.1	79.7	91	94.4	98.9
22	Peking University	84.3	73	36.9	70.7	72.3	99.6	99.1
22	The University of Tokyo	84.3	67.9	26.2	11.1	93.3	99.1	100
24	Johns Hopkins University	83.9	77.6	81.5	68.8	100	52.6	88.3
25	Duke University	83.8	80.3	59.3	12.4	99.4	84.2	89
25	The University of Hong Kong	83.8	44.5	99.1	100	87.2	82.6	97.3
27	The University of Manchester	82.7	51.5	98.6	92.6	74.1	97.7	94.9
28	University of California, Berkeley (UCB)	82.6	97.7	39.7	92.4	30.9	99.9	100
29	The Australian National University	82.1	87.4	99.8	100	37.5	81.3	96.9
29	University of Toronto	82.1	43.9	93	97.7	71.5	96.3	98.9
31	Northwestern University	81.5	62.8	49	76.1	100	80.2	85.9
32	The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	80.6	89.5	87.5	100	59.5	71.3	85
33	King’s College London	80.5	52	99.8	98.5	82.3	80.4	88.5
33	Kyoto University	80.5	53.2	17.5	15.4	96.3	92.5	98.7
35	McGill University	80.4	58.4	96.2	93.7	63.3	93.8	92.2
35	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	80.4	88.3	38.2	50.4	40.6	99.7	100
37	Seoul National University	79.6	61.6	11.9	19.2	88	91.1	96.9
38	The University of Melbourne	79.5	75	100	97.6	24.1	98.1	99.2
39	New York University (NYU)	78.8	24	93.4	33.5	97.6	95.6	95.9
40	Fudan University	78.6	57.8	42.9	92.7	86.5	93.8	83.4
41	KAIST – Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology	77.9	98.1	10.1	25.8	73.9	74.5	85
42	The University of Sydney	77.8	70.9	100	100	23.6	96.4	97.5
43	The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)	77.1	84.5	98.5	100	19.8	95.7	91.2
44	The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)	77	91.1	100	100	34.8	99.7	78.9
45	University of California, San Diego (UCSD)	76.6	78.4	70.3	60.8	60.3	51.8	92.2
46	The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)	75.9	56.2	91.7	100	67.7	61.5	87.9
47	The University of Queensland	75.7	81.8	99.5	100	27.7	82.2	88.5
48	Carnegie Mellon University	74.8	94.3	99.9	83.6	43.5	77.5	75.2
49	University of Bristol	74.5	61.8	75.6	89.4	72.8	84.2	76.6
50	Delft University of Technology	74.2	90	87.8	99.3	46.4	88.2	71.2
51	University of British Columbia	74.1	42.2	79.3	90.8	46	89	97
52	City University of Hong Kong	73.6	89.4	95.3	100	89.7	41.3	59
53	Université PSL	73.4	26.2	72.1	67.1	100	98.6	77.7
54	Zhejiang University	72.4	63.9	62.9	95.4	78.6	86.5	67.7
55	Technical University of Munich	72.3	26.9	76.8	60.6	89.1	99	80.2
56	University of Wisconsin-Madison	71.8	50	30.9	57.2	85.5	49.7	87.8
57	Brown University	71.5	86.6	56	86	81.1	58.2	61.9
58	Monash University	70.9	64.2	99.9	100	17.1	91.9	88
58	Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech)	70.9	61.3	31.3	30.7	86.2	82.7	74.5
60	Ecole Polytechnique	70.5	66.3	97.9	95.2	99.6	99.3	43.8
60	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	70.5	65.5	20.1	84.1	53.7	93.6	79.6
62	The University of Warwick	70.4	50.3	99.1	97.8	55.3	94.1	74.4
63	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München	69.6	45.7	37.7	61.5	52.6	83.2	91.1
64	University of Amsterdam	69	75.9	52.5	79.5	44.8	56	81.1
65	University of Texas at Austin	68.6	93.4	18.6	6.9	12.1	83.3	94.2
66	Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg	68.4	34.8	44.2	52.8	96.7	50.6	80
67	University of Glasgow	68.2	55	96.5	93.7	63.7	58.9	72.2
68	University of Washington	67.9	99.2	40.5	55.8	17.4	51.4	86.1
69	National Taiwan University (NTU)	67.3	59.7	30.4	20.8	41.9	82.4	89.8
70	Universiti Malaya (UM)	67.1	41.5	57.2	62.8	90.7	72	68.2
71	Osaka University	66.5	46.2	14.3	23.1	80.3	67.5	80.8
72	Georgia Institute of Technology	66.2	100	65.8	60.4	15.1	81.7	71.1
74	Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)	66	2.4	64.7	50.7	77.4	91.3	87.2
75	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	65.9	86.3	67.2	19.3	13.5	58.1	89
76	University of Zurich	65.8	38.7	59.4	100	99.7	64.5	58.6
77	Sorbonne University	64.9	36.2	56.5	47.8	59.7	45.9	89.2
78	Durham University	64.2	77.9	87.2	97.2	35.9	91.2	57.3
78	The University of Sheffield	64.2	61.4	94.1	87.9	61	58.7	61.3
80	KU Leuven	64.1	85.3	37.5	90	11.8	64.3	79.1
81	University of Birmingham	64	49.3	85.7	91.8	54.8	78.8	65.6
81	University of Copenhagen	63.8	25.5	29.4	92.6	100	43.9	70.1
82	Tohoku University	63.7	43.1	17.6	12.7	98.2	59.1	69.5
83	Korea University	63.4	35.4	44.7	15.2	83.1	85	70
83	The University of Auckland	63.4	44.8	91.8	94.4	25	62.8	84.2
84	Lomonosov Moscow State University	63.2	7.2	56.1	18	99.7	84.9	73.6
85	Rice University	63.1	93.6	90.6	89.8	84	22.7	40.1
86	The University of Western Australia	62.9	88.3	98.7	100	20.8	59.8	62.4
87	Pohang University of Science And Technology (POSTECH)	62.6	99.3	3.6	35.3	99.9	40.8	41.3
89	University of Science and Technology of China	62.3	98.5	5.7	16.9	81.1	26.1	56.2
90	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	62.2	46	11.3	35.6	88.3	53.3	68.7
91	The Hong Kong Polytechnic University	61.9	46.3	74.8	100	74.1	43.7	61.3
92	Lund University	61.8	51.9	70.1	89.3	50.1	54.3	69.6
93	Pennsylvania State University	61.7	67.8	38.6	21.4	31.6	80.4	76.5
93	University of Leeds	61.7	41.6	81.8	84.1	45.5	81.2	69.2
95	Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)	61	49.3	38.1	21.3	85.7	74.6	58.4
96	University of Nottingham	60.8	49.7	82.1	92.1	52.4	73.2	60.3
97	University of Southampton	60.6	68.1	92.8	96.1	59	52.5	50.8
98	Boston University	60.5	62.1	88.6	33.8	53.8	57.5	63.1
98	KTH Royal Institute of Technology	60.5	72.8	48.7	96.9	63	68.4	47.5
100	University of St Andrews	59.9	67.4	99.8	98.7	65.3	51.6	45.2

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其他的大學排行表

除了美國大學，QS 也有以下不同的大學排行表：

2020 全世界大學排名

2020 大學科系排行：藝術及人文 (Arts and Humanities)

2020 大學科系排行：工程及科技 (Engineering and Technology)

2020 大學科系排行：生物科學及醫藥 (Life Sciences and Medicine)

2020 大學科系排行：自然科學 (Natural Sciences)

2020 大學科系排行：社會科學及管理 (Social Sciences and Management)

2020 商學院排行：商業分析 (Masters in Business Analytics)

2020 商學院排行：金融 (Masters in Business Analytics)

2020 商學院排行：管理 (Masters in Management)

2020 商學院排行：行銷 (Masters in Marketing)

更多大學排行

• 2020 世界 MBA 商學院排行
• 2020 美國 MBA 商學院排行
• 2020 加拿大 MBA 商學院排行
• 2020 歐洲 MBA 商學院排行
• 2020 亞洲 MBA 商學院排行
• 2020 大洋洲 MBA 商學院排行
• 2020 拉丁美洲 MBA 商學院排行
• 2020 亞洲大學排行

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大學排行表到底準不准，為什麼不同排行表的順序都不同？哪個排名最可信？

每個排行表會用各自的因素跟比重去排名。作為一個理智的學生或家長，你在相信任何事之前都要先問why：為什麼這個排行表的第 1 名是哈佛，第 21 名是波士頓大學，為什麼 US News 的順序很不同？

雖然看排行表很刺激（？），但看排名之前，第一件事一定是要看它的排名方式。我們在文章的最前面先放的QS 的排名算分方式，對QS 來說，就業能力、多元化、學習經歷、跟研究大概都各佔四分之一的比重，但US News 對於“來自其他大學人員對該大學的聲望” (reputation from other institutions) 的比重就佔12.5%。不同的表有不同的公式，排名順序當然不同。

那哪個最有公信力？一件事可不可信是來自你自己覺得合不合理。雖然US News 最有名，但如果你認為大學評分比重最重要的事情是“學生滿意度”、“教授教學滿意度”、“校園生活快樂指數”、“畢業後薪水”、“就業率”、“升遷率”，那你就0% 不能相信US News，因為US News 的評分方式完全不納入以上這些項目！看完一個排名的評分方式，如果你80% 同意他的算法，那這個表的可信度就是80%，如果你認為他的評分方式（項目，比重）是完美的，那你就該100%相信他的排名。

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延伸閱讀：

• CWUR 2020-21世界大學排名今天出爐！
• QS 2020美國大學排名出爐!

Also in: 简中 (简中)