QS 2021世界大學排名出爐!

前幾天 QS 公佈了 2021 世界大學排名，今年仍然由麻省理工拔得頭籌，目前美國大學排名尚未公佈，如果有最新消息將會持續更新給大家！

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排名評分標準

我們都會跟學生強調，一定要了解每個不同的排名的標準。不同的排名機構對大學的條件有主觀的認知，也都有不同的算法，學生跟家長應該要先理解排名評分的算法，如果您認同這個算法，這個排行表對您才有意義。

QS 依照以下 4 大類（就業能力，多元化，學習經歷，及研究）共 17 項目為大學做評分：

1. 就業能力 (Employability) (27%)

• 公司對學校的評價 (Employer reputation) (10%)
• 畢業生給學生的人脈 (Alumni outcomes) (10%)
• 10年後的薪水 (Salary after 10 years) (7%)

2. 學生多元化及國際性 (Diversity & Internationalisation) (25%)

• 男女薪資平等 (Gender pay gap) (2.5%)
• 職員性別平等 (Faculty gender diversity) (2.5%)
• 大學生獲得助學金比例 (Ratio of undergraduate students receiving Pell grants) (5%)
• 學生種族多元化 (Students’ ethnicity mix) (5%)
• Fulbright獎學金數量 (Number of Fulbright recipients per institution) (5%)
• 國際生比例 (Proportion of international students) (5%)

3. 學習經歷(Learning experience) (22%)

• 提供給每位學生的教育支出 (Average instructional expenditure per FTE student)(10%)
• 學生留校意願 (Retention rate) (5%)
• 助學金學生畢業率 (Pell grant student graduation rates compared with other students) (3.5%)
• 師生比例 (Student-faculty ratio) (3.5%)

4. 研究 (Research) (26%)

• 學術名聲 (Academic reputation) (12.5%)
• 論文引述數量 (Citation per paper) (7%)
• 國際研究合作性 (International Research Network) (3.5%)
• 企業合作率 (Partnerships with Employers per Faculty) (3%)

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QS 2021 世界大學排行表

QS 2021年公佈的世界大學排行前三名跟2020年一樣，分別是麻省理工、史丹佛及哈佛大學；而排行前10名的大學中，有5所都來自美國。以下是100所大學的詳細資訊：

排名	學校	總分	國際學生	國際教職員	師生比例	企業印象	學術聲望
1	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	100	91.9	100	100	100	100
2	Stanford University	98.4	63.6	99.7	100	100	100
3	Harvard University	97.9	69.9	85.2	98.6	100	100
4	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	97	88.2	100	100	97	82.8
5	University of Oxford	96.7	98.3	99.4	100	100	100
6	ETH Zurich – Swiss Federal Institute of Technology	95	97.9	100	80.8	96.6	98.7
7	University of Cambridge	94.3	97.4	100	100	100	100
8	Imperial College London	93.6	100	100	99.9	99.8	98.5
9	University of Chicago	93.1	82.6	67.1	94.4	91.3	99.4
10	UCL	92.9	100	99.3	98.4	98.3	99.4
11	National University of Singapore (NUS)	91.5	71.4	100	90.7	98.4	99.7
12	Princeton University	91	65.6	71.6	68.6	99	99.9
13	Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU)	89.9	67.6	100	91.5	89.8	89.8
14	EPFL	89.6	100	100	96.3	80	80.4
15	Tsinghua University	89.2	29.7	55.3	93.3	98.6	98.2
16	University of Pennsylvania	88.6	65.3	88.7	100	91.5	96.1
17	Yale University	88	54.5	85.3	63.7	100	99.9
18	Cornell University	87.6	70	93.7	100	90.9	98.5
19	Columbia University	86.5	96.3	37.2	100	97.3	99.7
20	The University of Edinburgh	85.8	99	98.2	83.1	95.4	98
21	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	84.6	41.3	74.8	89.4	92.7	98.9
22	The University of Hong Kong	83.7	98.9	100	83.8	76.3	98.1
23	Peking University	83.5	34.3	69.7	76.4	99.1	99.2
24	The University of Tokyo	83.2	26.1	10.7	92.3	99.6	100
25	Johns Hopkins University	82.7	87.7	66.3	100	47	86.7
25	University of Toronto	82.7	94.1	97.9	70.3	96.8	99.3
27	The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology	82.1	88.9	100	66.7	63.6	85.2
27	The University of Manchester	82.1	98.8	92.9	72.7	97.4	95.3
29	Northwestern University	81.5	45.3	57.9	99.7	74.4	85.1
30	University of California, Berkeley (UCB)	80.8	39.7	94.9	21.3	99.9	100
31	The Australian National University	80	99.6	100	40.1	77.6	95.6
31	King’s College London	80	99.9	98.4	83.1	81.1	88.9
31	McGill University	80	96.3	90.5	67.5	94.1	92.3
34	Fudan University	79.9	46.3	93.1	90.9	92.5	84.7
35	New York University (NYU)	79.4	93	37.3	96.7	96.5	95.8
36	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	79.2	32.6	47.3	42	99.7	100
37	Seoul National University	79	11.6	18.6	87.9	95.9	97.9
38	Kyoto University	78.9	19.8	16	95	96.9	98.6
39	KAIST – Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology	78.6	9.7	24.7	70	82.2	86.8
40	The University of Sydney	77.1	100	100	21.4	95.3	97.4
41	The University of Melbourne	76.5	100	97.4	18.8	97.3	99.1
42	Duke University	76.4	58	5.9	100	85.3	88.2
43	The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK)	75.8	91.5	100	59.2	53.1	90.3
44	The University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney)	75.4	99.2	100	16.7	94.9	91.1
45	University of British Columbia	74.8	78.8	89.5	53.1	89.6	97.1
46	The University of Queensland	74.5	99.9	100	23.8	78.2	89
47	Shanghai Jiao Tong University	74.4	30.2	64	60.4	90.9	82.5
48	City University of Hong Kong	74.3	99	100	88.9	32.8	61.5
49	The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)	73.9	100	100	41.9	99.6	75.8
50	Technical University of Munich	73.6	84.7	63.4	89.7	98.5	83.8
51	Carnegie Mellon University	73.4	99.4	65.3	51	72.4	73.3
52	Université PSL	73.3	68.4	64.5	100	97.5	75.5
53	Zhejiang University	71.9	74.2	98.1	90	91.1	69.3
54	University of California, San Diego (UCSD)	71.2	64.3	59.9	61.3	50.4	91.9
55	Monash University	70.9	100	100	14.1	88.7	90
56	Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech)	70.8	28	27.6	83.4	90.4	73.3
57	Delft University of Technology	70.7	85.6	99.8	43.9	87.9	70.7
58	University of Bristol	70.6	80.6	91.5	70.8	82.9	75.5
59	Universiti Malaya (UM)	70.1	44.5	68.7	82.1	84.6	74.1
60	Brown University	70	53.4	82.9	82	58.1	60.2
61	Ecole Polytechnique	69.9	99	95.8	99.8	98.7	41.8
61	University of Amsterdam	69.9	61.6	84.5	35.4	55.6	82.3
63	The University of Warwick	69	99.2	98.1	47.8	92	74.3
64	Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München	68.9	36.2	57.6	49.1	80.7	92.9
65	Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg	68.6	49.5	52.3	99.1	41.8	80.6
66	University of Wisconsin-Madison	68.2	27.6	34.7	72.7	49.5	85.6
67	National Taiwan University (NTU)	67.5	38.7	19.1	38.7	87.5	91.8
67	Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA)	67.5	71.8	60.4	77.9	90.8	88.3
69	Korea University	67.1	53.3	15	84.9	91.7	75.2
69	University of Zurich	67.1	59.8	100	98	60.6	59.7
71	University of Texas at Austin	66.7	16.2	6.5	12.4	83.4	94
72	Osaka University	66.1	14	20.3	78.9	79.6	80.1
72	University of Washington	66.1	39.5	39.7	13.7	49	85.9
74	Lomonosov Moscow State University	65.9	76.8	20.1	99.8	82.8	77.3
75	The Hong Kong Polytechnic University	65.8	80.2	100	78	40.8	66.3
76	University of Copenhagen	65.5	26.5	91.8	100	38.7	72.8
77	Pohang University of Science And Technology (POSTECH)	64.6	3	33.8	99.9	54.6	43
77	University of Glasgow	64.6	97.1	93.8	60.4	66.8	73
79	Tohoku University	64.3	16.9	11.8	98.1	72.4	69.3
80	Georgia Institute of Technology	64.1	64.8	71	9.2	76.4	68.8
81	The University of Auckland	64	94.5	97.6	25.4	55.9	84.9
82	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	63.4	60.4	18.8	10.8	52.1	87.4
83	Sorbonne University	63.3	57.1	34	38.9	47.4	90.1
84	KU Leuven	63	36.1	90.7	9.4	55.5	83.4
85	Yonsei University	62.5	45.3	12.1	85.1	87.7	68.3
86	Durham University	62.2	88.7	97.9	33.1	90.2	58
87	University of Birmingham	62	87.9	93.4	52.5	72.6	64.4
88	Sungkyunkwan University(SKKU)	61.5	39.3	20.1	84.9	75.6	60.2
89	Rice University	61.4	92	88.8	80.8	25.3	39.6
90	University of Southampton	61.3	93.5	97.6	66.8	52.9	50.9
91	University of Leeds	61.2	81.3	84.7	46	78.1	70.6
92	The University of Western Australia	61	99.6	100	19	52.7	61.1
93	The University of Sheffield	60.8	96	85.3	62.2	58.6	61.4
93	University of Science and Technology of China	60.8	6.1	24.1	77.7	19.9	53.9
95	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	60.6	10.5	32.6	84.4	49.7	68.1
96	University of St Andrews	60.3	99.8	98.4	67.6	61.1	46
97	Lund University	60.2	69	92.3	53.6	50.9	70
98	KTH Royal Institute of Technology	59.5	57.4	98.3	64.8	63.6	46.2
99	University of Nottingham	59	83.5	90.8	47.7	71.6	60
100	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)	58.8	3.6	9.9	52.9	90.9	93.3

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其他的大學排行表

除了世界大學排行之外，QS也有以下不同的大學排行表：

2021 大學科系排行：藝術及人文 (Arts and Humanities)

2021 大學科系排行：工程及科技 (Engineering and Technology)

2021 大學科系排行：生物科學及醫藥 (Life Sciences and Medicine)

2021 大學科系排行：自然科學 (Natural Sciences)

2021 大學科系排行：社會科學及管理 (Social Sciences and Management)

2021 商學院排行：商業分析 (Masters in Business Analytics)

2021 商學院排行：金融 (Masters in Finance)

2021 商學院排行：管理 (Masters in Management)

2021 商學院排行：行銷 (Masters in Marketing)

2021 商學院排行：供應鏈管理 (Masters in Supply Chain Management)

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大學排行表到底準不準，為什麼不同排行表的順序都不同？哪個排名最可信？

每個排行表會用各自的因素跟比重去排名。作為一個理智的學生或家長，你在相信任何事之前都要先問why：為什麼這個排行表的第 1 名是哈佛，第 21 名是波士頓大學，為什麼 US News 的順序很不同？

雖然看排行表很刺激（？），但看排名之前，第一件事一定是要看它的排名方式。我們在文章的最前面先放的QS 的排名算分方式，對QS 來說，就業能力、多元化、學習經歷、跟研究大概都各佔四分之一的比重，但US News 對於“來自其他大學人員對該大學的聲望” (reputation from other institutions) 的比重就佔12.5%。不同的表有不同的公式，排名順序當然不同。

那哪個最有公信力？一件事可不可信是來自你自己覺得合不合理。雖然US News 最有名，但如果你認為大學評分比重最重要的事情是“學生滿意度”、“教授教學滿意度”、“校園生活快樂指數”、“畢業後薪水”、“就業率”、“升遷率”，那你就0% 不能相信US News，因為US News 的評分方式完全不納入以上這些項目！看完一個排名的評分方式，如果你80% 同意他的算法，那這個表的可信度就是80%，如果你認為他的評分方式（項目，比重）是完美的，那你就該100%相信他的排名。