QS 2021 美國大學排名出爐！

QS在上周末的時候公佈了2021美國大學排名，哈佛大學（Harvard University）持續是美國大學的龍頭，史丹佛大學（Stanford），麻省理工（MIT），UC柏克萊大學（UC Berkeley），及UCLA分別為今年全美的前二到五名。一起來看看QS 2021 美國大學排名的詳細榜單吧！

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排名評分標準

我們都會跟學生強調，一定要了解每個不同的排名的標準。不同的排名機構對大學的條件有主觀的認知，也都有不同的算法，學生跟家長應該要先理解排名評分的算法，如果您認同這個算法，這個排行表對您才有意義。

QS 依照以下 4 大類（就業能力，多元化，學習經歷，及研究）共 17 項目為大學做評分：

1. 就業能力 (Employability) (27%)

• 公司對學校的評價 (Employer reputation) (10%)
• 畢業生給學生的人脈 (Alumni outcomes) (10%)
• 10年後的薪水 (Salary after 10 years) (7%)

2. 學生多元化及國際性 (Diversity & Internationalisation) (25%)

• 男女薪資平等 (Gender pay gap) (2.5%)
• 職員性別平等 (Faculty gender diversity) (2.5%)
• 大學生獲得助學金比例 (Ratio of undergraduate students receiving Pell grants) (5%)
• 學生種族多元化 (Students’ ethnicity mix) (5%)
• Fulbright獎學金數量 (Number of Fulbright recipients per institution) (5%)
• 國際生比例 (Proportion of international students) (5%)

3. 學習經歷(Learning experience) (22%)

• 提供給每位學生的教育支出 (Average instructional expenditure per FTE student)(10%)
• 學生留校意願 (Retention rate) (5%)
• 助學金學生畢業率 (Pell grant student graduation rates compared with other students) (3.5%)
• 師生比例 (Student-faculty ratio) (3.5%)

4. 研究 (Research) (26%)

• 學術名聲 (Academic reputation) (12.5%)
• 論文引述數量 (Citation per paper) (7%)
• 國際研究合作性 (International Research Network) (3.5%)
• 企業合作率 (Partnerships with Employers per Faculty) (3%)

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QS 2021 美國大學排行表

今年的前10名跟去年相比有不少變化，但仍然恭喜哈佛大學（Harvard University）坐穩冠軍寶座。快來看看前 100 名有哪些學校吧！

排名	學校	總分	就業能力	學習經歷	多元化	研究
1	Harvard University	93.3	100	96.8	76	100
2	Stanford University	88.9	83.4	96.8	82	93.5
3	Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)	85.6	75.4	96.8	80	90.6
4	University of California, Berkeley (UCB)	77.7	57.9	81.4	78	91.7
5	University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)	77.5	57.7	90.5	84	78.7
6	Yale University	75.4	66.6	96.8	70	71.2
7	Columbia University	75.1	60.6	96.8	70	75.2
8	Princeton University	74.1	58.1	100	70	71.5
9	New York University (NYU)	73.3	54.5	92.3	86	63.7
10	University of Pennsylvania	73.2	61.5	96.8	72	66
11	University of Chicago	70.4	46.6	100	68	70
12	Cornell University	69.4	54.1	87.7	72	66
13	Duke University	68.8	49.8	100	70	59.9
14	Johns Hopkins University	67.8	42	96.8	76	60.4
14	University of Southern California	67.8	47.4	96.8	78	54
16	Northwestern University	67.3	44.5	96.8	70	61.8
17	Carnegie Mellon University	67.2	42.8	96.8	74	59.2
18	University of Michigan-Ann Arbor	65.7	49.1	81.4	66	67.7
19	Brown University	64.9	41.9	96.8	72	54
20	Boston University	64.3	37.1	92.3	76	56
21	California Institute of Technology (Caltech)	63.8	39.9	100	56	63.1
22	Emory University	63.5	27.9	100	78	53.2
23	Rice University	62.8	31	96.8	72	55.9
24	University of Washington	62.6	35.6	73.6	80	62
25	Washington University in St. Louis	62.5	34.1	100	64	56.8
26	Georgetown University	62	43.2	96.8	64	49.5
27	University of California, San Diego (UCSD)	61.9	26.5	76.8	84	61.3
28	Vanderbilt University	60.3	30.4	96.8	66	52.8
29	University of Texas at Austin	60.1	37.4	72.3	68	63.2
30	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign	59.2	37.2	64.5	78	57.6
30	University of Rochester	59.2	26.6	93.6	70	51.3
32	Dartmouth College	58.8	38.4	87.7	62	51.3
32	University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill	58.8	33.2	84.5	62	57.9
34	University of California, Davis	58.7	26	73.6	86	51.5
35	University of Florida	58.3	32.3	78.6	68	56.3
36	Tufts University	57.8	33.2	90.9	64	48
37	University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC)	57.8	26.4	72.3	84	50.6
38	Georgia Institute of Technology	57.7	42.4	72.3	60	57.7
39	Stony Brook University, State University of New York	57.5	21.1	80	82	50
40	University of Virginia	57.4	37.3	84.5	58	53.3
41	Case Western Reserve University	56.9	31.7	80	66	52.9
42	Rutgers University–New Brunswick	56.8	24.3	67.7	82	54.3
43	University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)	56.5	22.2	67.7	80	56.7
44	Pennsylvania State University	56.3	33.4	80	56	57.8
45	George Washington University	55.8	33.2	80	62	51.2
45	University of California, Irvine	55.8	20.6	76.8	76	52.2
47	University of Notre Dame	55.6	39.4	84.5	52	50.3
48	University of Miami	55.4	30.3	80	64	50.3
49	Northeastern University	55.1	28.2	78.6	68	48.7
50	The Ohio State University	54.7	28.4	67.7	64	59.3
50	University at Buffalo SUNY	54.7	24.1	76.8	72	49
52	University of Maryland, College Park	54.6	33.4	72.3	58	56.3
53	Purdue University	54.5	34.1	67.7	64	53.6
54	University of Minnesota Twin Cities	54.1	28.1	67.7	66	55.6
55	Boston College	53.9	34.5	87.7	58	40.9
55	Michigan State University	53.9	32.8	64.5	64	55
57	University of Massachusetts Amherst	53.6	26.6	67.7	68	53.3
58	University of Wisconsin-Madison	53.4	35	72.3	48	59.5
59	Syracuse University	52.5	30.5	67.7	68	45.9
60	Lehigh University	52	29.8	92.3	46	45.4
60	University of Pittsburgh	52	25.9	70.9	58	54.6
62	Arizona State University	51.8	23.1	61.4	72	51.3
62	Brandeis University	51.8	19.8	80	74	38.1
64	Temple University	51.5	21.7	67.7	70	48.4
65	Texas A&M University	51.3	31	67.7	52	55.4
65	The University of Arizona	51.3	22.3	63.2	68	52.5
67	University of Houston	51.2	23.9	55.5	78	47.8
68	Binghamton University SUNY	51	22.3	70.9	68	45.4
68	Drexel University	51	26	67.7	64	48.2
68	North Carolina State University	51	24.6	70.9	58	52.1
68	Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	51	29.9	80	52	45.8
72	University of Connecticut	50.8	23.2	76.8	56	49.9
73	The University of Georgia	50.7	25.2	63.2	64	51.2
74	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	50.5	30.1	70.9	52	51
75	University of New Mexico	50.4	9.8	63.2	80	49.4
76	Indiana University Bloomington	50.2	25.2	64.5	60	52
77	Tulane University	50.1	25.7	83.2	48	47.3
78	University of Colorado Boulder	50	24.6	64.5	56	55.4
79	Florida State University	49.7	23.6	64.5	60	51.6
79	University of South Florida	49.7	16.8	55.5	74	52.4
81	Illinois Institute of Technology	49.5	22.1	70.9	64	43.9
81	University of California, Riverside	49.5	14.1	67.7	70	47.8
81	University of California, Santa Cruz	49.5	14.3	64.5	72	48.3
84	Howard University	49.4	17.4	76.8	74	34.2
84	University of Texas Dallas	49.4	15.7	73.6	64	46.7
86	Santa Clara University	49.2	27.9	70.9	68	34.1
86	Wake Forest University	49.2	25.4	80	48	47.1
88	University of Maryland, Baltimore County	49.1	18.6	67.7	70	42.5
88	University of Utah	49.1	20.2	64.5	60	52.6
90	George Mason University	49	20.6	58.6	72	45.8
91	New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT)	48.8	20.6	67.7	68	41.5
91	University of Massachusetts Boston	48.8	12.8	63.2	78	43.1
93	University of Kansas	48.7	19.1	64.5	62	50.2
94	University at Albany SUNY	48.6	19	75.5	60	43.2
95	Oregon State University	48.3	16.4	64.5	64	49.6
96	University of Delaware	48.2	22.2	70.9	56	46.1
97	University of the Pacific	48.1	24.7	78.6	66	28.8
98	Rutgers University–Newark	48	23.2	66.4	64	41
98	University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa	48	15.7	75.5	54	49.4
100	San Diego State University	47.8	20.9	61.4	66	44.4
100	University of Iowa	47.8	23.4	64.5	54	50.4
100	University of Oklahoma	47.8	22.9	64.5	58	47.4

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大學排行表到底準不準，為什麼不同排行表的順序都不同？哪個排名最可信？

每個排行表會用各自的因素跟比重去排名。作為一個理智的學生或家長，你在相信任何事之前都要先問why：為什麼這個排行表的第 1 名是哈佛，第 21 名是波士頓大學，為什麼 US News 的順序很不同？

雖然看排行表很刺激（？），但看排名之前，第一件事一定是要看它的排名方式。我們在文章的最前面先放的QS 的排名算分方式，對QS 來說，就業能力、多元化、學習經歷、跟研究大概都各佔四分之一的比重，但US News 對於“來自其他大學人員對該大學的聲望” (reputation from other institutions) 的比重就佔12.5%。不同的表有不同的公式，排名順序當然不同。

那哪個最有公信力？一件事可不可信是來自你自己覺得合不合理。雖然US News 最有名，但如果你認為大學評分比重最重要的事情是“學生滿意度”、“教授教學滿意度”、“校園生活快樂指數”、“畢業後薪水”、“就業率”、“升遷率”，那你就0% 不能相信US News，因為US News 的評分方式完全不納入以上這些項目！看完一個排名的評分方式，如果你80% 同意他的算法，那這個表的可信度就是80%，如果你認為他的評分方式（項目，比重）是完美的，那你就該100%相信他的排名。

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延伸閱讀：

• QS 2021世界大學排名出爐!
• QS 2021 世界大學科系排行：藝術及人文（Arts and Humanities）
• QS 2021 世界大學科系排行：工程及科技 （Engineering and Technology）
• QS 2021 世界大學科系排行：生物科學及醫藥（Life Sciences & Medicine）
• QS 2021 世界大學科系排行：自然科學（Natural Sciences）
• CWUR 2021-2022世界大學排名今天出爐！哈佛第1，台大第90